Development in area of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Deep Learning.

Four states of Consciousness  (Mandukya Upanishad) 1. Waking State (Jāgrat) The waking state is characterized by outward awareness, where the self experiences the gross material world through the senses. 2. Dream State (Svapna) The dream state is defined by inward awareness. Consciousness turns away from the external world and creates its own reality using subconscious impressions and memories. 3. Deep Sleep State (Suṣupti) This is the state of dreamless sleep, where there are no desires, thoughts, or perceptions. It is a unified, peaceful state described as a "mass of cognition" and a "sphere of spiritual perception". 4. Transcendental State (Turīya)  Turīya means "the fourth." It is not a state among others but the fundamental ground of pure consciousness that underlies and transcends the previous three states. It is the realization of the true self (Atman) as one with ultimate reality (Brahman) (Source Britannica) Compiled by  Ms Naresh kuwar 

Mayday - M'aidez(Help Me) Mayday is an internationally recognized radio word to signal distress. It's used mostly by aircraft and boats, and most of us are happily only familiar with it through TV and fiction.  There was a lot of air traffic between England and France in 1923, and evidently there were enough international problems over the English Channel that both parties wanted to find a good distress signal that everyone would understand. S.O.S But surely there already was a distress signal that everyone understood? There was—S.O.S.—but there were some problems with it: Owing to the difficulty of distinguishing the letter "S" by telephone, the international distress signal "S.O.S." will give place to the words "May-day", the phonetic equivalent of "M'aidez", the French for "Help me." —" New Air Distress Signal," The Times [London], 2 Feb. 1923 SOS was most commonly used in telegraphic communications, where the u...

Comet C/2025 R3 (PanSTARRS) It is an Oort Cloud comet with a 160,000 to 170,000-year orbital period, making this its first-ever visit to the inner solar system.  Comet C/2025 R3 (PANSTARRS) is a non-periodic Oort cloud comet discovered in September 2025.  Closest Approach (Perihelion) : The comet reaches its closest point to the Sun (perihelion) around April 19–20, 2026. Closest Approach to Earth : The comet makes its closest pass to Earth on April 26–27, 2026, at a distance of about 44 million miles. Brightness : . It is expected to reach a maximum brightness of roughly magnitude +3 to +4.7, making it visible to the naked eye under dark skies, and an easy target for binoculars.  Best Time to View: Mid-to-late April 2026, roughly 90 minutes before sunrise. Location : Low on the eastern horizon, moving through the constellation Pisces. Appearance : Observers have reported a glowing, greenish coma, and a small, stubby ion tail in photos. Trajectory : It is a hyp...

Santakulam Custodial death Rights groups say hundreds of people die while in custody in India every year. They point out that torture and abuse to extract confessions from suspects have become part of policing. What's case? On April 6, 2026, a Madurai court sentenced Nine police officers  to death over the deaths in custody of a father and son in 2020. The deaths also brought the issue of police brutality in India back into the limelight. When? P Jeyaraj, 58, and his son Benicks, 38, both died in jail in the southern state of Tamil Nadu - days after they were detained for allegedly keeping their mobile phone shop open in breach of lockdown rules during the Covid-19 pandemic. Where? Event now known as Santakulam Custodial death is reported from southern state of Tamil Nadu. Punishment Ten police officers in total were arrested over the brutal deaths of the father and son but one of the accused died of Covid in 2020. Nine police officers have been sentenced to death. What Next? The o...

Tango Charle  The NATO phonetic alphabet (Alpha, Bravo, Charlie...) is used to ensure clear, unambiguous voice communication, especially over radio or telephone where signal noise or language barriers exist. It prevents confusion between similar-sounding letters (like 'b' and 'd'), significantly improving accuracy in aviation, military, and emergency.  Common Use Cases: Aviation : Pilots and air traffic controllers (ATC) use it for flight plans, aircraft IDs, and clearance instructions. Military & Security: Used for transmitting coordinates, unit names, and orders in the field. Radio & Telephony : Used by amateur radio operators, customer service agents, and emergency responders. Spelling Over the Phone : Used to spell out names or codes to ensure the receiver writes them down correctly. NATO phonetic alphabet (ICAO) The phonetic alphabet was developed in the early 20th century. The U.S. military used the "Able Baker" alphabet during WWII, and in 1956...

Iran rejects 45 days temporary truce US Demands  To reopen the crucial oil artery of Hormuz which Iran has controlled, US threatening strikes on infrastructure. The U.S. and allies seek a deal that ensures Iran does not pursue nuclear weapons, requiring potential dismantling of nuclear facilities. Counter condition by Iran  Iran demands a permanent cessation of conflict,  a comprehensive lifting of U.S.-led sanctions,  and formal guarantees against future attacks. Compiled by  Ms Naresh kuwar